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| </head> | |
| <body class="manpage"> | |
| <div id="header"> | |
| <h1>git-gc(1) Manual Page</h1> | |
| <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <p>git-gc - Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository</p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="content"> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="verseblock"> | |
| <pre class="content"><em>git gc</em> [--aggressive] [--auto] [--[no-]detach] [--quiet] [--prune=<date> | --no-prune] [--force] [--keep-largest-pack]</pre> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>Runs a number of housekeeping tasks within the current repository, | |
| such as compressing file revisions (to reduce disk space and increase | |
| performance), removing unreachable objects which may have been | |
| created from prior invocations of <em>git add</em>, packing refs, pruning | |
| reflog, rerere metadata or stale working trees. May also update ancillary | |
| indexes such as the commit-graph.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>When common porcelain operations that create objects are run, they | |
| will check whether the repository has grown substantially since the | |
| last maintenance, and if so run <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> automatically. See <code>gc.auto</code> | |
| below for how to disable this behavior.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>Running <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> manually should only be needed when adding objects to | |
| a repository without regularly running such porcelain commands, to do | |
| a one-off repository optimization, or e.g. to clean up a suboptimal | |
| mass-import. See the "PACKFILE OPTIMIZATION" section in | |
| <a href="git-fast-import.html">git-fast-import(1)</a> for more details on the import case.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="dlist"> | |
| <dl> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--aggressive</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>Usually <em>git gc</em> runs very quickly while providing good disk | |
| space utilization and performance. This option will cause | |
| <em>git gc</em> to more aggressively optimize the repository at the expense | |
| of taking much more time. The effects of this optimization are | |
| mostly persistent. See the "AGGRESSIVE" section below for details.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--auto</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>With this option, <em>git gc</em> checks whether any housekeeping is | |
| required; if not, it exits without performing any work.</p> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>See the <code>gc.auto</code> option in the "CONFIGURATION" section below for how | |
| this heuristic works.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>Once housekeeping is triggered by exceeding the limits of | |
| configuration options such as <code>gc.auto</code> and <code>gc.autoPackLimit</code>, all | |
| other housekeeping tasks (e.g. rerere, working trees, reflog…​) will | |
| be performed as well.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--detach</dt> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--no-detach</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>Run in the background if the system supports it. This option overrides | |
| the <code>gc.autoDetach</code> config.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--cruft</dt> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--no-cruft</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>When expiring unreachable objects, pack them separately into a | |
| cruft pack instead of storing them as loose objects. <code>--cruft</code> | |
| is on by default.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--max-cruft-size=<n></dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>When packing unreachable objects into a cruft pack, limit the | |
| size of new cruft packs to be at most <em><n></em> bytes. Overrides any | |
| value specified via the <code>gc.maxCruftSize</code> configuration. See | |
| the <code>--max-cruft-size</code> option of <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> for | |
| more.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--expire-to=<dir></dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>When packing unreachable objects into a cruft pack, write a cruft | |
| pack containing pruned objects (if any) to the directory <em><dir></em>. | |
| This option only has an effect when used together with <code>--cruft</code>. | |
| See the <code>--expire-to</code> option of <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> for | |
| more information.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--prune=<date></dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>Prune loose objects older than date (default is 2 weeks ago, | |
| overridable by the config variable <code>gc.pruneExpire</code>). | |
| --prune=now prunes loose objects regardless of their age and | |
| increases the risk of corruption if another process is writing to | |
| the repository concurrently; see "NOTES" below. --prune is on by | |
| default.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--no-prune</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>Do not prune any loose objects.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--quiet</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>Suppress all progress reports.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--force</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>Force <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> to run even if there may be another <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> | |
| instance running on this repository.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--keep-largest-pack</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>All packs except the largest non-cruft pack, any packs marked | |
| with a .<code>keep</code> file, and any cruft pack(s) are consolidated into | |
| a single pack. When this option is used, <code>gc.bigPackThreshold</code> | |
| is ignored.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| </dl> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_aggressive">AGGRESSIVE</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>When the <code>--aggressive</code> option is supplied, <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> will | |
| be invoked with the <code>-f</code> flag, which in turn will pass | |
| <code>--no-reuse-delta</code> to <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>. This will throw | |
| away any existing deltas and re-compute them, at the expense of | |
| spending much more time on the repacking.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>The effects of this are mostly persistent, e.g. when packs and loose | |
| objects are coalesced into one another pack the existing deltas in | |
| that pack might get re-used, but there are also various cases where we | |
| might pick a sub-optimal delta from a newer pack instead.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>Furthermore, supplying <code>--aggressive</code> will tweak the <code>--depth</code> and | |
| <code>--window</code> options passed to <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>. See the | |
| <code>gc.aggressiveDepth</code> and <code>gc.aggressiveWindow</code> settings below. By | |
| using a larger window size we’re more likely to find more optimal | |
| deltas.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>It’s probably not worth it to use this option on a given repository | |
| without running tailored performance benchmarks on it. It takes a lot | |
| more time, and the resulting space/delta optimization may or may not | |
| be worth it. Not using this at all is the right trade-off for most | |
| users and their repositories.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>Everything below this line in this section is selectively included | |
| from the <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> documentation. The content is the same | |
| as what’s found there:</p> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="dlist"> | |
| <dl> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.aggressiveDepth</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>The depth parameter used in the delta compression | |
| algorithm used by <em>git gc --aggressive</em>. This defaults | |
| to 50, which is the default for the <code>--depth</code> option when | |
| <code>--aggressive</code> isn’t in use.</p> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>See the documentation for the <code>--depth</code> option in | |
| <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> for more details.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.aggressiveWindow</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>The window size parameter used in the delta compression | |
| algorithm used by <em>git gc --aggressive</em>. This defaults | |
| to 250, which is a much more aggressive window size than | |
| the default <code>--window</code> of 10.</p> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>See the documentation for the <code>--window</code> option in | |
| <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> for more details.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.auto</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>When there are approximately more than this many loose | |
| objects in the repository, <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> <code>--auto</code> will pack them. | |
| Some Porcelain commands use this command to perform a | |
| light-weight garbage collection from time to time. The | |
| default value is 6700.</p> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>Setting this to 0 disables not only automatic packing based on the | |
| number of loose objects, but also any other heuristic <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> <code>--auto</code> will | |
| otherwise use to determine if there’s work to do, such as | |
| <code>gc.autoPackLimit</code>.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.autoPackLimit</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>When there are more than this many packs that are not | |
| marked with <code>*.keep</code> file in the repository, <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> | |
| <code>--auto</code> consolidates them into one larger pack. The | |
| default value is 50. Setting this to 0 disables it. | |
| Setting <code>gc.auto</code> to 0 will also disable this.</p> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>See the <code>gc.bigPackThreshold</code> configuration variable below. When in | |
| use, it’ll affect how the auto pack limit works.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.autoDetach</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>Make <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> <code>--auto</code> return immediately and run in the background | |
| if the system supports it. Default is true. This config variable acts | |
| as a fallback in case <code>maintenance.autoDetach</code> is not set.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.bigPackThreshold</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>If non-zero, all non-cruft packs larger than this limit are kept | |
| when <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> is run. This is very similar to | |
| <code>--keep-largest-pack</code> except that all non-cruft packs that meet | |
| the threshold are kept, not just the largest pack. Defaults to | |
| zero. Common unit suffixes of <em>k</em>, <em>m</em>, or <em>g</em> are supported.</p> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>Note that if the number of kept packs is more than gc.autoPackLimit, | |
| this configuration variable is ignored, all packs except the base pack | |
| will be repacked. After this the number of packs should go below | |
| gc.autoPackLimit and gc.bigPackThreshold should be respected again.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>If the amount of memory estimated for <code>git</code> <code>repack</code> to run smoothly is | |
| not available and <code>gc.bigPackThreshold</code> is not set, the largest pack | |
| will also be excluded (this is the equivalent of running <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> with | |
| <code>--keep-largest-pack</code>).</p> | |
| </div> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.writeCommitGraph</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>If true, then gc will rewrite the commit-graph file when | |
| <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a> is run. When using <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> <code>--auto</code> | |
| the commit-graph will be updated if housekeeping is | |
| required. Default is true. See <a href="git-commit-graph.html">git-commit-graph(1)</a> | |
| for details.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.logExpiry</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>If the file gc.log exists, then <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> <code>--auto</code> will print | |
| its content and exit with status zero instead of running | |
| unless that file is more than <em>gc.logExpiry</em> old. Default is | |
| "1.day". See <code>gc.pruneExpire</code> for more ways to specify its | |
| value.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.packRefs</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>Running <code>git</code> <code>pack-refs</code> in a repository renders it | |
| unclonable by Git versions prior to 1.5.1.2 over dumb | |
| transports such as HTTP. This variable determines whether | |
| <em>git gc</em> runs <code>git</code> <code>pack-refs</code>. This can be set to <code>notbare</code> | |
| to enable it within all non-bare repos or it can be set to a | |
| boolean value. The default is <code>true</code>.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.cruftPacks</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>Store unreachable objects in a cruft pack (see | |
| <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>) instead of as loose objects. The default | |
| is <code>true</code>.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.maxCruftSize</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>Limit the size of new cruft packs when repacking. When | |
| specified in addition to <code>--max-cruft-size</code>, the command line | |
| option takes priority. See the <code>--max-cruft-size</code> option of | |
| <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.pruneExpire</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>When <em>git gc</em> is run, it will call <em>prune --expire 2.weeks.ago</em> | |
| (and <em>repack --cruft --cruft-expiration 2.weeks.ago</em> if using | |
| cruft packs via <code>gc.cruftPacks</code> or <code>--cruft</code>). Override the | |
| grace period with this config variable. The value "now" may be | |
| used to disable this grace period and always prune unreachable | |
| objects immediately, or "never" may be used to suppress pruning. | |
| This feature helps prevent corruption when <em>git gc</em> runs | |
| concurrently with another process writing to the repository; see | |
| the "NOTES" section of <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.worktreePruneExpire</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>When <em>git gc</em> is run, it calls | |
| <em>git worktree prune --expire 3.months.ago</em>. | |
| This config variable can be used to set a different grace | |
| period. The value "now" may be used to disable the grace | |
| period and prune <code>$GIT_DIR/worktrees</code> immediately, or "never" | |
| may be used to suppress pruning.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.reflogExpire</dt> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.<pattern>.reflogExpire</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p><em>git reflog expire</em> removes reflog entries older than | |
| this time; defaults to 90 days. The value "now" expires all | |
| entries immediately, and "never" suppresses expiration | |
| altogether. With "<pattern>" (e.g. | |
| "refs/stash") in the middle the setting applies only to | |
| the refs that match the <pattern>.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.reflogExpireUnreachable</dt> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.<pattern>.reflogExpireUnreachable</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p><em>git reflog expire</em> removes reflog entries older than | |
| this time and are not reachable from the current tip; | |
| defaults to 30 days. The value "now" expires all entries | |
| immediately, and "never" suppresses expiration altogether. | |
| With "<pattern>" (e.g. "refs/stash") | |
| in the middle, the setting applies only to the refs that | |
| match the <pattern>.</p> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>These types of entries are generally created as a result of using <code>git</code> | |
| <code>commit</code> <code>--amend</code> or <code>git</code> <code>rebase</code> and are the commits prior to the amend | |
| or rebase occurring. Since these changes are not part of the current | |
| project most users will want to expire them sooner, which is why the | |
| default is more aggressive than <code>gc.reflogExpire</code>.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.recentObjectsHook</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>When considering whether or not to remove an object (either when | |
| generating a cruft pack or storing unreachable objects as | |
| loose), use the shell to execute the specified command(s). | |
| Interpret their output as object IDs which Git will consider as | |
| "recent", regardless of their age. By treating their mtimes as | |
| "now", any objects (and their descendants) mentioned in the | |
| output will be kept regardless of their true age.</p> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>Output must contain exactly one hex object ID per line, and nothing | |
| else. Objects which cannot be found in the repository are ignored. | |
| Multiple hooks are supported, but all must exit successfully, else the | |
| operation (either generating a cruft pack or unpacking unreachable | |
| objects) will be halted.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.repackFilter</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>When repacking, use the specified filter to move certain | |
| objects into a separate packfile. See the | |
| <code>--filter=</code><em><filter-spec></em> option of <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.repackFilterTo</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>When repacking and using a filter, see <code>gc.repackFilter</code>, the | |
| specified location will be used to create the packfile | |
| containing the filtered out objects. <strong>WARNING:</strong> The | |
| specified location should be accessible, using for example the | |
| Git alternates mechanism, otherwise the repo could be | |
| considered corrupt by Git as it might not be able to access the | |
| objects in that packfile. See the <code>--filter-to=</code><em><dir></em> option | |
| of <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> and the <code>objects/info/alternates</code> | |
| section of <a href="gitrepository-layout.html">gitrepository-layout(5)</a>.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.rerereResolved</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>Records of conflicted merge you resolved earlier are | |
| kept for this many days when <em>git rerere gc</em> is run. | |
| You can also use more human-readable "1.month.ago", etc. | |
| The default is 60 days. See <a href="git-rerere.html">git-rerere(1)</a>.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.rerereUnresolved</dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p>Records of conflicted merge you have not resolved are | |
| kept for this many days when <em>git rerere gc</em> is run. | |
| You can also use more human-readable "1.month.ago", etc. | |
| The default is 15 days. See <a href="git-rerere.html">git-rerere(1)</a>.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| </dl> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_notes">NOTES</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p><em>git gc</em> tries very hard not to delete objects that are referenced | |
| anywhere in your repository. In particular, it will keep not only | |
| objects referenced by your current set of branches and tags, but also | |
| objects referenced by the index, remote-tracking branches, reflogs | |
| (which may reference commits in branches that were later amended or | |
| rewound), and anything else in the refs/* namespace. Note that a note | |
| (of the kind created by <em>git notes</em>) attached to an object does not | |
| contribute in keeping the object alive. If you are expecting some | |
| objects to be deleted and they aren’t, check all of those locations | |
| and decide whether it makes sense in your case to remove those | |
| references.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>On the other hand, when <em>git gc</em> runs concurrently with another process, | |
| there is a risk of it deleting an object that the other process is using | |
| but hasn’t created a reference to. This may just cause the other process | |
| to fail or may corrupt the repository if the other process later adds a | |
| reference to the deleted object. Git has two features that significantly | |
| mitigate this problem:</p> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="olist arabic"> | |
| <ol class="arabic"> | |
| <li> | |
| <p>Any object with modification time newer than the <code>--prune</code> date is kept, | |
| along with everything reachable from it.</p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p>Most operations that add an object to the database update the | |
| modification time of the object if it is already present so that #1 | |
| applies.</p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ol> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>However, these features fall short of a complete solution, so users who | |
| run commands concurrently have to live with some risk of corruption (which | |
| seems to be low in practice).</p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_hooks">HOOKS</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>The <em>git gc --auto</em> command will run the <em>pre-auto-gc</em> hook. See | |
| <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a> for more information.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p><a href="git-prune.html">git-prune(1)</a> | |
| <a href="git-reflog.html">git-reflog(1)</a> | |
| <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> | |
| <a href="git-rerere.html">git-rerere(1)</a></p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="paragraph"> | |
| <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="footer"> | |
| <div id="footer-text"> | |
| Last updated 2025-08-25 14:46:08 -0700 | |
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