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<body class="manpage">
<div id="header">
<h1>gitcvs-migration(7) Manual Page</h1>
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>gitcvs-migration - Git for CVS users</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="verseblock">
<pre class="content"><em>git cvsimport</em> *</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Git differs from CVS in that every working tree contains a repository with
a full copy of the project history, and no repository is inherently more
important than any other.  However, you can emulate the CVS model by
designating a single shared repository which people can synchronize with;
this document explains how to do that.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Some basic familiarity with Git is required. Having gone through
<a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a> and
<a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a> should be sufficient.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_developing_against_a_shared_repository">Developing against a shared repository</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Suppose a shared repository is set up in /pub/repo.git on the host
foo.com.  Then as an individual committer you can clone the shared
repository over ssh with:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>$ git clone foo.com:/pub/repo.git/ my-project
$ cd my-project</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>and hack away.  The equivalent of <em>cvs update</em> is</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>$ git pull origin</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>which merges in any work that others might have done since the clone
operation.  If there are uncommitted changes in your working tree, commit
them first before running git pull.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <em>pull</em> command knows where to get updates from because of certain
configuration variables that were set by the first <em>git clone</em>
command; see the subcommand <code>list</code> in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for details.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You can update the shared repository with your changes by first committing
your changes, and then using the <em>git push</em> command:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>$ git push origin master</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>to "push" those commits to the shared repository.  If someone else has
updated the repository more recently, <em>git push</em>, like <em>cvs commit</em>, will
complain, in which case you must pull any changes before attempting the
push again.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In the <em>git push</em> command above we specify the name of the remote branch
to update (<code>master</code>).  If we leave that out, <em>git push</em> tries to update
any branches in the remote repository that have the same name as a branch
in the local repository.  So the last <em>push</em> can be done with either of:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>$ git push origin
$ git push foo.com:/pub/project.git/</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>as long as the shared repository does not have any branches
other than <code>master</code>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_setting_up_a_shared_repository">Setting Up a Shared Repository</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We assume you have already created a Git repository for your project,
possibly created from scratch or from a tarball (see
<a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a>), or imported from an already existing CVS
repository (see the next section).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Assume your existing repo is at /home/alice/myproject.  Create a new "bare"
repository (a repository without a working tree) and fetch your project into
it:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>$ mkdir /pub/my-repo.git
$ cd /pub/my-repo.git
$ git --bare init --shared
$ git --bare fetch /home/alice/myproject master:master</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Next, give every team member read/write access to this repository.  One
easy way to do this is to give all the team members ssh access to the
machine where the repository is hosted.  If you don&#8217;t want to give them a
full shell on the machine, there is a restricted shell which only allows
users to do Git pushes and pulls; see <a href="git-shell.html">git-shell(1)</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Put all the committers in the same group, and make the repository
writable by that group:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>$ chgrp -R $group /pub/my-repo.git</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Make sure committers have a umask of at most 027, so that the directories
they create are writable and searchable by other group members.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_importing_a_cvs_archive">Importing a CVS archive</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
These instructions use the <code>git-cvsimport</code> script which ships with
git, but other importers may provide better results. See the note in
<a href="git-cvsimport.html">git-cvsimport(1)</a> for other options.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>First, install version 2.1 or higher of cvsps from
<a href="https://github.com/andreyvit/cvsps">https://github.com/andreyvit/cvsps</a> and make
sure it is in your path.  Then cd to a checked out CVS working directory
of the project you are interested in and run <a href="git-cvsimport.html">git-cvsimport(1)</a>:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>$ git cvsimport -C &lt;destination&gt; &lt;module&gt;</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This puts a Git archive of the named CVS module in the directory
&lt;destination&gt;, which will be created if necessary.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The import checks out from CVS every revision of every file.  Reportedly
cvsimport can average some twenty revisions per second, so for a
medium-sized project this should not take more than a couple of minutes.
Larger projects or remote repositories may take longer.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The main trunk is stored in the Git branch named <code>origin</code>, and additional
CVS branches are stored in Git branches with the same names.  The most
recent version of the main trunk is also left checked out on the <code>master</code>
branch, so you can start adding your own changes right away.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The import is incremental, so if you call it again next month it will
fetch any CVS updates that have been made in the meantime.  For this to
work, you must not modify the imported branches; instead, create new
branches for your own changes, and merge in the imported branches as
necessary.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you want a shared repository, you will need to make a bare clone
of the imported directory, as described above. Then treat the imported
directory as another development clone for purposes of merging
incremental imports.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_advanced_shared_repository_management">Advanced Shared Repository Management</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Git allows you to specify scripts called "hooks" to be run at certain
points.  You can use these, for example, to send all commits to the shared
repository to a mailing list.  See <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You can enforce finer grained permissions using update hooks.  See
<a href="howto/update-hook-example.html">Controlling access to branches using
update hooks</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_providing_cvs_access_to_a_git_repository">Providing CVS Access to a Git Repository</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a Git repository, so
that developers can still use CVS; see <a href="git-cvsserver.html">git-cvsserver(1)</a> for
details.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_alternative_development_models">Alternative Development Models</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>CVS users are accustomed to giving a group of developers commit access to
a common repository.  As we&#8217;ve seen, this is also possible with Git.
However, the distributed nature of Git allows other development models,
and you may want to first consider whether one of them might be a better
fit for your project.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For example, you can choose a single person to maintain the project&#8217;s
primary public repository.  Other developers then clone this repository
and each work in their own clone.  When they have a series of changes that
they&#8217;re happy with, they ask the maintainer to pull from the branch
containing the changes.  The maintainer reviews their changes and pulls
them into the primary repository, which other developers pull from as
necessary to stay coordinated.  The Linux kernel and other projects use
variants of this model.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>With a small group, developers may just pull changes from each other&#8217;s
repositories without the need for a central maintainer.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a>,
<a href="gittutorial-2.html">gittutorial-2(7)</a>,
<a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial(7)</a>,
<a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>,
<a href="giteveryday.html">giteveryday(7)</a>,
<a href="user-manual.html">The Git User&#8217;s Manual</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<div id="footer-text">
Last updated 2026-04-09 14:26:04 -0700
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