<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.23"/>
<title>git-maintenance(1)</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"/>
<style>
/*! Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | https://asciidoctor.org */
/* Uncomment the following line when using as a custom stylesheet */
/* @import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"; */
html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
a{background:none}
a:focus{outline:thin dotted}
a:active,a:hover{outline:0}
h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}
b,strong{font-weight:bold}
abbr{font-size:.9em}
abbr[title]{cursor:help;border-bottom:1px dotted #dddddf;text-decoration:none}
dfn{font-style:italic}
hr{height:0}
mark{background:#ff0;color:#000}
code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace;font-size:1em}
pre{white-space:pre-wrap}
q{quotes:"\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019"}
small{font-size:80%}
sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}
sup{top:-.5em}
sub{bottom:-.25em}
img{border:0}
svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}
figure{margin:0}
audio,video{display:inline-block}
audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}
fieldset{border:1px solid silver;margin:0 2px;padding:.35em .625em .75em}
legend{border:0;padding:0}
button,input,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0}
button,input{line-height:normal}
button,select{text-transform:none}
button,html input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}
button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default}
input[type=checkbox],input[type=radio]{padding:0}
button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}
textarea{overflow:auto;vertical-align:top}
table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}
*,::before,::after{box-sizing:border-box}
html,body{font-size:100%}
body{background:#fff;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:0;margin:0;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;line-height:1;position:relative;cursor:auto;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;word-wrap:anywhere;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
a:hover{cursor:pointer}
img,object,embed{max-width:100%;height:auto}
object,embed{height:100%}
img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}
.left{float:left!important}
.right{float:right!important}
.text-left{text-align:left!important}
.text-right{text-align:right!important}
.text-center{text-align:center!important}
.text-justify{text-align:justify!important}
.hide{display:none}
img,object,svg{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}
textarea{height:auto;min-height:50px}
select{width:100%}
.subheader,.admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{line-height:1.45;color:#7a2518;font-weight:400;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.25em}
div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,p,blockquote,th,td{margin:0;padding:0}
a{color:#2156a5;text-decoration:underline;line-height:inherit}
a:hover,a:focus{color:#1d4b8f}
a img{border:0}
p{line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
p aside{font-size:.875em;line-height:1.35;font-style:italic}
h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:300;font-style:normal;color:#ba3925;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:.5em;line-height:1.0125em}
h1 small,h2 small,h3 small,#toctitle small,.sidebarblock>.content>.title small,h4 small,h5 small,h6 small{font-size:60%;color:#e99b8f;line-height:0}
h1{font-size:2.125em}
h2{font-size:1.6875em}
h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.375em}
h4,h5{font-size:1.125em}
h6{font-size:1em}
hr{border:solid #dddddf;border-width:1px 0 0;clear:both;margin:1.25em 0 1.1875em}
em,i{font-style:italic;line-height:inherit}
strong,b{font-weight:bold;line-height:inherit}
small{font-size:60%;line-height:inherit}
code{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-weight:400;color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
ul,ol,dl{line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;list-style-position:outside;font-family:inherit}
ul,ol{margin-left:1.5em}
ul li ul,ul li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0}
ul.circle{list-style-type:circle}
ul.disc{list-style-type:disc}
ul.square{list-style-type:square}
ul.circle ul:not([class]),ul.disc ul:not([class]),ul.square ul:not([class]){list-style:inherit}
ol li ul,ol li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0}
dl dt{margin-bottom:.3125em;font-weight:bold}
dl dd{margin-bottom:1.25em}
blockquote{margin:0 0 1.25em;padding:.5625em 1.25em 0 1.1875em;border-left:1px solid #ddd}
blockquote,blockquote p{line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
@media screen and (min-width:768px){h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2}
h1{font-size:2.75em}
h2{font-size:2.3125em}
h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.6875em}
h4{font-size:1.4375em}}
table{background:#fff;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:1px solid #dedede;word-wrap:normal}
table thead,table tfoot{background:#f7f8f7}
table thead tr th,table thead tr td,table tfoot tr th,table tfoot tr td{padding:.5em .625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);text-align:left}
table tr th,table tr td{padding:.5625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}
table tr.even,table tr.alt{background:#f8f8f7}
table thead tr th,table tfoot tr th,table tbody tr td,table tr td,table tfoot tr td{line-height:1.6}
h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2;word-spacing:-.05em}
h1 strong,h2 strong,h3 strong,#toctitle strong,.sidebarblock>.content>.title strong,h4 strong,h5 strong,h6 strong{font-weight:400}
.center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}
.stretch{width:100%}
.clearfix::before,.clearfix::after,.float-group::before,.float-group::after{content:" ";display:table}
.clearfix::after,.float-group::after{clear:both}
:not(pre).nobreak{word-wrap:normal}
:not(pre).nowrap{white-space:nowrap}
:not(pre).pre-wrap{white-space:pre-wrap}
:not(pre):not([class^=L])>code{font-size:.9375em;font-style:normal!important;letter-spacing:0;padding:.1em .5ex;word-spacing:-.15em;background:#f7f7f8;border-radius:4px;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed}
pre{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9);font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed}
pre code,pre pre{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}
pre>code{display:block}
pre.nowrap,pre.nowrap pre{white-space:pre;word-wrap:normal}
em em{font-style:normal}
strong strong{font-weight:400}
.keyseq{color:rgba(51,51,51,.8)}
kbd{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;display:inline-block;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-size:.65em;line-height:1.45;background:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),inset 0 0 0 .1em #fff;margin:0 .15em;padding:.2em .5em;vertical-align:middle;position:relative;top:-.1em;white-space:nowrap}
.keyseq kbd:first-child{margin-left:0}
.keyseq kbd:last-child{margin-right:0}
.menuseq,.menuref{color:#000}
.menuseq b:not(.caret),.menuref{font-weight:inherit}
.menuseq{word-spacing:-.02em}
.menuseq b.caret{font-size:1.25em;line-height:.8}
.menuseq i.caret{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;width:.45em}
b.button::before,b.button::after{position:relative;top:-1px;font-weight:400}
b.button::before{content:"[";padding:0 3px 0 2px}
b.button::after{content:"]";padding:0 2px 0 3px}
p a>code:hover{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{width:100%;margin:0 auto;max-width:62.5em;*zoom:1;position:relative;padding-left:.9375em;padding-right:.9375em}
#header::before,#header::after,#content::before,#content::after,#footnotes::before,#footnotes::after,#footer::before,#footer::after{content:" ";display:table}
#header::after,#content::after,#footnotes::after,#footer::after{clear:both}
#content{margin-top:1.25em}
#content::before{content:none}
#header>h1:first-child{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);margin-top:2.25rem;margin-bottom:0}
#header>h1:first-child+#toc{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid #dddddf}
#header>h1:only-child{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px}
#header .details{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;line-height:1.45;padding-top:.25em;padding-bottom:.25em;padding-left:.25em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap}
#header .details span:first-child{margin-left:-.125em}
#header .details span.email a{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
#header .details br{display:none}
#header .details br+span::before{content:"\00a0\2013\00a0"}
#header .details br+span.author::before{content:"\00a0\22c5\00a0";color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
#header .details br+span#revremark::before{content:"\00a0|\00a0"}
#header #revnumber{text-transform:capitalize}
#header #revnumber::after{content:"\00a0"}
#content>h1:first-child:not([class]){color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px;margin-top:0;padding-top:1rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem}
#toc{border-bottom:1px solid #e7e7e9;padding-bottom:.5em}
#toc>ul{margin-left:.125em}
#toc ul.sectlevel0>li>a{font-style:italic}
#toc ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{margin:.5em 0}
#toc ul{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;list-style-type:none}
#toc li{line-height:1.3334;margin-top:.3334em}
#toc a{text-decoration:none}
#toc a:active{text-decoration:underline}
#toctitle{color:#7a2518;font-size:1.2em}
@media screen and (min-width:768px){#toctitle{font-size:1.375em}
body.toc2{padding-left:15em;padding-right:0}
body.toc2 #header>h1:nth-last-child(2){border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px}
#toc.toc2{margin-top:0!important;background:#f8f8f7;position:fixed;width:15em;left:0;top:0;border-right:1px solid #e7e7e9;border-top-width:0!important;border-bottom-width:0!important;z-index:1000;padding:1.25em 1em;height:100%;overflow:auto}
#toc.toc2 #toctitle{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.8rem;font-size:1.2em}
#toc.toc2>ul{font-size:.9em;margin-bottom:0}
#toc.toc2 ul ul{margin-left:0;padding-left:1em}
#toc.toc2 ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{padding-left:0;margin-top:.5em;margin-bottom:.5em}
body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:15em}
body.toc2.toc-right #toc.toc2{border-right-width:0;border-left:1px solid #e7e7e9;left:auto;right:0}}
@media screen and (min-width:1280px){body.toc2{padding-left:20em;padding-right:0}
#toc.toc2{width:20em}
#toc.toc2 #toctitle{font-size:1.375em}
#toc.toc2>ul{font-size:.95em}
#toc.toc2 ul ul{padding-left:1.25em}
body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:20em}}
#content #toc{border:1px solid #e0e0dc;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f8f8f7;border-radius:4px}
#content #toc>:first-child{margin-top:0}
#content #toc>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
#footer{max-width:none;background:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:1.25em}
#footer-text{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.8);line-height:1.44}
#content{margin-bottom:.625em}
.sect1{padding-bottom:.625em}
@media screen and (min-width:768px){#content{margin-bottom:1.25em}
.sect1{padding-bottom:1.25em}}
.sect1:last-child{padding-bottom:0}
.sect1+.sect1{border-top:1px solid #e7e7e9}
#content h1>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor,#toctitle>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor{position:absolute;z-index:1001;width:1.5ex;margin-left:-1.5ex;display:block;text-decoration:none!important;visibility:hidden;text-align:center;font-weight:400}
#content h1>a.anchor::before,h2>a.anchor::before,h3>a.anchor::before,#toctitle>a.anchor::before,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor::before,h4>a.anchor::before,h5>a.anchor::before,h6>a.anchor::before{content:"\00A7";font-size:.85em;display:block;padding-top:.1em}
#content h1:hover>a.anchor,#content h1>a.anchor:hover,h2:hover>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor:hover,h3:hover>a.anchor,#toctitle:hover>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title:hover>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor:hover,#toctitle>a.anchor:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor:hover,h4:hover>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor:hover,h5:hover>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor:hover,h6:hover>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor:hover{visibility:visible}
#content h1>a.link,h2>a.link,h3>a.link,#toctitle>a.link,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link,h4>a.link,h5>a.link,h6>a.link{color:#ba3925;text-decoration:none}
#content h1>a.link:hover,h2>a.link:hover,h3>a.link:hover,#toctitle>a.link:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link:hover,h4>a.link:hover,h5>a.link:hover,h6>a.link:hover{color:#a53221}
details,.audioblock,.imageblock,.literalblock,.listingblock,.stemblock,.videoblock{margin-bottom:1.25em}
details{margin-left:1.25rem}
details>summary{cursor:pointer;display:block;position:relative;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:.625rem;outline:none;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}
details>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
details>summary::before{content:"";border:solid transparent;border-left:solid;border-width:.3em 0 .3em .5em;position:absolute;top:.5em;left:-1.25rem;transform:translateX(15%)}
details[open]>summary::before{border:solid transparent;border-top:solid;border-width:.5em .3em 0;transform:translateY(15%)}
details>summary::after{content:"";width:1.25rem;height:1em;position:absolute;top:.3em;left:-1.25rem}
.admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;text-align:left;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;font-size:1rem;font-style:italic}
table.tableblock.fit-content>caption.title{white-space:nowrap;width:0}
.paragraph.lead>p,#preamble>.sectionbody>[class=paragraph]:first-of-type p{font-size:1.21875em;line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
.admonitionblock>table{border-collapse:separate;border:0;background:none;width:100%}
.admonitionblock>table td.icon{text-align:center;width:80px}
.admonitionblock>table td.icon img{max-width:none}
.admonitionblock>table td.icon .title{font-weight:bold;font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase}
.admonitionblock>table td.content{padding-left:1.125em;padding-right:1.25em;border-left:1px solid #dddddf;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);word-wrap:anywhere}
.admonitionblock>table td.content>:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
.exampleblock>.content{border:1px solid #e6e6e6;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#fff;border-radius:4px}
.sidebarblock{border:1px solid #dbdbd6;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f3f3f2;border-radius:4px}
.sidebarblock>.content>.title{color:#7a2518;margin-top:0;text-align:center}
.exampleblock>.content>:first-child,.sidebarblock>.content>:first-child{margin-top:0}
.exampleblock>.content>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{border-radius:4px;overflow-x:auto;padding:1em;font-size:.8125em}
@media screen and (min-width:768px){.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{font-size:.90625em}}
@media screen and (min-width:1280px){.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{font-size:1em}}
.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre:not(.highlight),.listingblock>.content>pre[class=highlight],.listingblock>.content>pre[class^="highlight "]{background:#f7f7f8}
.literalblock.output pre{color:#f7f7f8;background:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
.listingblock>.content{position:relative}
.listingblock code[data-lang]::before{display:none;content:attr(data-lang);position:absolute;font-size:.75em;top:.425rem;right:.5rem;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase;color:inherit;opacity:.5}
.listingblock:hover code[data-lang]::before{display:block}
.listingblock.terminal pre .command::before{content:attr(data-prompt);padding-right:.5em;color:inherit;opacity:.5}
.listingblock.terminal pre .command:not([data-prompt])::before{content:"$"}
.listingblock pre.highlightjs{padding:0}
.listingblock pre.highlightjs>code{padding:1em;border-radius:4px}
.listingblock pre.prettyprint{border-width:0}
.prettyprint{background:#f7f7f8}
pre.prettyprint .linenums{line-height:1.45;margin-left:2em}
pre.prettyprint li{background:none;list-style-type:inherit;padding-left:0}
pre.prettyprint li code[data-lang]::before{opacity:1}
pre.prettyprint li:not(:first-child) code[data-lang]::before{display:none}
table.linenotable{border-collapse:separate;border:0;margin-bottom:0;background:none}
table.linenotable td[class]{color:inherit;vertical-align:top;padding:0;line-height:inherit;white-space:normal}
table.linenotable td.code{padding-left:.75em}
table.linenotable td.linenos,pre.pygments .linenos{border-right:1px solid;opacity:.35;padding-right:.5em;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}
pre.pygments span.linenos{display:inline-block;margin-right:.75em}
.quoteblock{margin:0 1em 1.25em 1.5em;display:table}
.quoteblock:not(.excerpt)>.title{margin-left:-1.5em;margin-bottom:.75em}
.quoteblock blockquote,.quoteblock p{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.75;word-spacing:.1em;letter-spacing:0;font-style:italic;text-align:justify}
.quoteblock blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border:0}
.quoteblock blockquote::before{content:"\201c";float:left;font-size:2.75em;font-weight:bold;line-height:.6em;margin-left:-.6em;color:#7a2518;text-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1)}
.quoteblock blockquote>.paragraph:last-child p{margin-bottom:0}
.quoteblock .attribution{margin-top:.75em;margin-right:.5ex;text-align:right}
.verseblock{margin:0 1em 1.25em}
.verseblock pre{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-size:1.15rem;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);font-weight:300;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
.verseblock pre strong{font-weight:400}
.verseblock .attribution{margin-top:1.25rem;margin-left:.5ex}
.quoteblock .attribution,.verseblock .attribution{font-size:.9375em;line-height:1.45;font-style:italic}
.quoteblock .attribution br,.verseblock .attribution br{display:none}
.quoteblock .attribution cite,.verseblock .attribution cite{display:block;letter-spacing:-.025em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}
.quoteblock.abstract blockquote::before,.quoteblock.excerpt blockquote::before,.quoteblock .quoteblock blockquote::before{display:none}
.quoteblock.abstract blockquote,.quoteblock.abstract p,.quoteblock.excerpt blockquote,.quoteblock.excerpt p,.quoteblock .quoteblock blockquote,.quoteblock .quoteblock p{line-height:1.6;word-spacing:0}
.quoteblock.abstract{margin:0 1em 1.25em;display:block}
.quoteblock.abstract>.title{margin:0 0 .375em;font-size:1.15em;text-align:center}
.quoteblock.excerpt>blockquote,.quoteblock .quoteblock{padding:0 0 .25em 1em;border-left:.25em solid #dddddf}
.quoteblock.excerpt,.quoteblock .quoteblock{margin-left:0}
.quoteblock.excerpt blockquote,.quoteblock.excerpt p,.quoteblock .quoteblock blockquote,.quoteblock .quoteblock p{color:inherit;font-size:1.0625rem}
.quoteblock.excerpt .attribution,.quoteblock .quoteblock .attribution{color:inherit;font-size:.85rem;text-align:left;margin-right:0}
p.tableblock:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
td.tableblock>.content{margin-bottom:1.25em;word-wrap:anywhere}
td.tableblock>.content>:last-child{margin-bottom:-1.25em}
table.tableblock,th.tableblock,td.tableblock{border:0 solid #dedede}
table.grid-all>*>tr>*{border-width:1px}
table.grid-cols>*>tr>*{border-width:0 1px}
table.grid-rows>*>tr>*{border-width:1px 0}
table.frame-all{border-width:1px}
table.frame-ends{border-width:1px 0}
table.frame-sides{border-width:0 1px}
table.frame-none>colgroup+*>:first-child>*,table.frame-sides>colgroup+*>:first-child>*{border-top-width:0}
table.frame-none>:last-child>:last-child>*,table.frame-sides>:last-child>:last-child>*{border-bottom-width:0}
table.frame-none>*>tr>:first-child,table.frame-ends>*>tr>:first-child{border-left-width:0}
table.frame-none>*>tr>:last-child,table.frame-ends>*>tr>:last-child{border-right-width:0}
table.stripes-all>*>tr,table.stripes-odd>*>tr:nth-of-type(odd),table.stripes-even>*>tr:nth-of-type(even),table.stripes-hover>*>tr:hover{background:#f8f8f7}
th.halign-left,td.halign-left{text-align:left}
th.halign-right,td.halign-right{text-align:right}
th.halign-center,td.halign-center{text-align:center}
th.valign-top,td.valign-top{vertical-align:top}
th.valign-bottom,td.valign-bottom{vertical-align:bottom}
th.valign-middle,td.valign-middle{vertical-align:middle}
table thead th,table tfoot th{font-weight:bold}
tbody tr th{background:#f7f8f7}
tbody tr th,tbody tr th p,tfoot tr th,tfoot tr th p{color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-weight:bold}
p.tableblock>code:only-child{background:none;padding:0}
p.tableblock{font-size:1em}
ol{margin-left:1.75em}
ul li ol{margin-left:1.5em}
dl dd{margin-left:1.125em}
dl dd:last-child,dl dd:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
li p,ul dd,ol dd,.olist .olist,.ulist .ulist,.ulist .olist,.olist .ulist{margin-bottom:.625em}
ul.checklist,ul.none,ol.none,ul.no-bullet,ol.no-bullet,ol.unnumbered,ul.unstyled,ol.unstyled{list-style-type:none}
ul.no-bullet,ol.no-bullet,ol.unnumbered{margin-left:.625em}
ul.unstyled,ol.unstyled{margin-left:0}
li>p:empty:only-child::before{content:"";display:inline-block}
ul.checklist>li>p:first-child{margin-left:-1em}
ul.checklist>li>p:first-child>.fa-square-o:first-child,ul.checklist>li>p:first-child>.fa-check-square-o:first-child{width:1.25em;font-size:.8em;position:relative;bottom:.125em}
ul.checklist>li>p:first-child>input[type=checkbox]:first-child{margin-right:.25em}
ul.inline{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;list-style:none;margin:0 0 .625em -1.25em}
ul.inline>li{margin-left:1.25em}
.unstyled dl dt{font-weight:400;font-style:normal}
ol.arabic{list-style-type:decimal}
ol.decimal{list-style-type:decimal-leading-zero}
ol.loweralpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}
ol.upperalpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}
ol.lowerroman{list-style-type:lower-roman}
ol.upperroman{list-style-type:upper-roman}
ol.lowergreek{list-style-type:lower-greek}
.hdlist>table,.colist>table{border:0;background:none}
.hdlist>table>tbody>tr,.colist>table>tbody>tr{background:none}
td.hdlist1,td.hdlist2{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .625em}
td.hdlist1{font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:1.25em}
td.hdlist2{word-wrap:anywhere}
.literalblock+.colist,.listingblock+.colist{margin-top:-.5em}
.colist td:not([class]):first-child{padding:.4em .75em 0;line-height:1;vertical-align:top}
.colist td:not([class]):first-child img{max-width:none}
.colist td:not([class]):last-child{padding:.25em 0}
.thumb,.th{line-height:0;display:inline-block;border:4px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #ddd}
.imageblock.left{margin:.25em .625em 1.25em 0}
.imageblock.right{margin:.25em 0 1.25em .625em}
.imageblock>.title{margin-bottom:0}
.imageblock.thumb,.imageblock.th{border-width:6px}
.imageblock.thumb>.title,.imageblock.th>.title{padding:0 .125em}
.image.left,.image.right{margin-top:.25em;margin-bottom:.25em;display:inline-block;line-height:0}
.image.left{margin-right:.625em}
.image.right{margin-left:.625em}
a.image{text-decoration:none;display:inline-block}
a.image object{pointer-events:none}
sup.footnote,sup.footnoteref{font-size:.875em;position:static;vertical-align:super}
sup.footnote a,sup.footnoteref a{text-decoration:none}
sup.footnote a:active,sup.footnoteref a:active,#footnotes .footnote a:first-of-type:active{text-decoration:underline}
#footnotes{padding-top:.75em;padding-bottom:.75em;margin-bottom:.625em}
#footnotes hr{width:20%;min-width:6.25em;margin:-.25em 0 .75em;border-width:1px 0 0}
#footnotes .footnote{padding:0 .375em 0 .225em;line-height:1.3334;font-size:.875em;margin-left:1.2em;margin-bottom:.2em}
#footnotes .footnote a:first-of-type{font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none;margin-left:-1.05em}
#footnotes .footnote:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}
#content #footnotes{margin-top:-.625em;margin-bottom:0;padding:.75em 0}
div.unbreakable{page-break-inside:avoid}
.big{font-size:larger}
.small{font-size:smaller}
.underline{text-decoration:underline}
.overline{text-decoration:overline}
.line-through{text-decoration:line-through}
.aqua{color:#00bfbf}
.aqua-background{background:#00fafa}
.black{color:#000}
.black-background{background:#000}
.blue{color:#0000bf}
.blue-background{background:#0000fa}
.fuchsia{color:#bf00bf}
.fuchsia-background{background:#fa00fa}
.gray{color:#606060}
.gray-background{background:#7d7d7d}
.green{color:#006000}
.green-background{background:#007d00}
.lime{color:#00bf00}
.lime-background{background:#00fa00}
.maroon{color:#600000}
.maroon-background{background:#7d0000}
.navy{color:#000060}
.navy-background{background:#00007d}
.olive{color:#606000}
.olive-background{background:#7d7d00}
.purple{color:#600060}
.purple-background{background:#7d007d}
.red{color:#bf0000}
.red-background{background:#fa0000}
.silver{color:#909090}
.silver-background{background:#bcbcbc}
.teal{color:#006060}
.teal-background{background:#007d7d}
.white{color:#bfbfbf}
.white-background{background:#fafafa}
.yellow{color:#bfbf00}
.yellow-background{background:#fafa00}
span.icon>.fa{cursor:default}
a span.icon>.fa{cursor:inherit}
.admonitionblock td.icon [class^="fa icon-"]{font-size:2.5em;text-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.5);cursor:default}
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-note::before{content:"\f05a";color:#19407c}
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-tip::before{content:"\f0eb";text-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(155,155,0,.8);color:#111}
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-warning::before{content:"\f071";color:#bf6900}
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-caution::before{content:"\f06d";color:#bf3400}
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-important::before{content:"\f06a";color:#bf0000}
.conum[data-value]{display:inline-block;color:#fff!important;background:rgba(0,0,0,.8);border-radius:50%;text-align:center;font-size:.75em;width:1.67em;height:1.67em;line-height:1.67em;font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold}
.conum[data-value] *{color:#fff!important}
.conum[data-value]+b{display:none}
.conum[data-value]::after{content:attr(data-value)}
pre .conum[data-value]{position:relative;top:-.125em}
b.conum *{color:inherit!important}
.conum:not([data-value]):empty{display:none}
dt,th.tableblock,td.content,div.footnote{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
h1,h2,p,td.content,span.alt,summary{letter-spacing:-.01em}
p strong,td.content strong,div.footnote strong{letter-spacing:-.005em}
p,blockquote,dt,td.content,td.hdlist1,span.alt,summary{font-size:1.0625rem}
p{margin-bottom:1.25rem}
.sidebarblock p,.sidebarblock dt,.sidebarblock td.content,p.tableblock{font-size:1em}
.exampleblock>.content{background:#fffef7;border-color:#e0e0dc;box-shadow:0 1px 4px #e0e0dc}
.print-only{display:none!important}
@page{margin:1.25cm .75cm}
@media print{*{box-shadow:none!important;text-shadow:none!important}
html{font-size:80%}
a{color:inherit!important;text-decoration:underline!important}
a.bare,a[href^="#"],a[href^="mailto:"]{text-decoration:none!important}
a[href^="http:"]:not(.bare)::after,a[href^="https:"]:not(.bare)::after{content:"(" attr(href) ")";display:inline-block;font-size:.875em;padding-left:.25em}
abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted}
abbr[title]::after{content:" (" attr(title) ")"}
pre,blockquote,tr,img,object,svg{page-break-inside:avoid}
thead{display:table-header-group}
svg{max-width:100%}
p,blockquote,dt,td.content{font-size:1em;orphans:3;widows:3}
h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{page-break-after:avoid}
#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{max-width:none}
#toc,.sidebarblock,.exampleblock>.content{background:none!important}
#toc{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf!important;padding-bottom:0!important}
body.book #header{text-align:center}
body.book #header>h1:first-child{border:0!important;margin:2.5em 0 1em}
body.book #header .details{border:0!important;display:block;padding:0!important}
body.book #header .details span:first-child{margin-left:0!important}
body.book #header .details br{display:block}
body.book #header .details br+span::before{content:none!important}
body.book #toc{border:0!important;text-align:left!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important}
body.book #toc,body.book #preamble,body.book h1.sect0,body.book .sect1>h2{page-break-before:always}
.listingblock code[data-lang]::before{display:block}
#footer{padding:0 .9375em}
.hide-on-print{display:none!important}
.print-only{display:block!important}
.hide-for-print{display:none!important}
.show-for-print{display:inherit!important}}
@media amzn-kf8,print{#header>h1:first-child{margin-top:1.25rem}
.sect1{padding:0!important}
.sect1+.sect1{border:0}
#footer{background:none}
#footer-text{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);font-size:.9em}}
@media amzn-kf8{#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{padding:0}}
</style>
<style>
pre>code {
   display: inline;
}
</style>
</head>
<body class="manpage">
<div id="header">
<h1>git-maintenance(1) Manual Page</h1>
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>git-maintenance - Run tasks to optimize Git repository data</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="verseblock">
<pre class="content"><em>git maintenance</em> run [&lt;options&gt;]
<em>git maintenance</em> start [--scheduler=&lt;scheduler&gt;]
<em>git maintenance</em> (stop|register|unregister) [&lt;options&gt;]</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Run tasks to optimize Git repository data, speeding up other Git commands
and reducing storage requirements for the repository.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Git commands that add repository data, such as <code>git</code> <code>add</code> or <code>git</code> <code>fetch</code>,
are optimized for a responsive user experience. These commands do not take
time to optimize the Git data, since such optimizations scale with the full
size of the repository while these user commands each perform a relatively
small action.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> command provides flexibility for how to optimize the
Git repository.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_subcommands">SUBCOMMANDS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">run</dt>
<dd>
<p>Run one or more maintenance tasks. If one or more <code>--task</code> options
are specified, then those tasks are run in that order. Otherwise,
the tasks are determined by which <code>maintenance.</code><em>&lt;task&gt;</em><code>.enabled</code>
config options are true. By default, only <code>maintenance.gc.enabled</code>
is true.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">start</dt>
<dd>
<p>Start running maintenance on the current repository. This performs
the same config updates as the <code>register</code> subcommand, then updates
the background scheduler to run <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> <code>--scheduled</code>
on an hourly basis.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">stop</dt>
<dd>
<p>Halt the background maintenance schedule. The current repository
is not removed from the list of maintained repositories, in case
the background maintenance is restarted later.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">register</dt>
<dd>
<p>Initialize Git config values so any scheduled maintenance will start
running on this repository. This adds the repository to the
<code>maintenance.repo</code> config variable in the current user&#8217;s global config,
or the config specified by --config-file option, and enables some
recommended configuration values for <code>maintenance.</code><em>&lt;task&gt;</em><code>.schedule</code>. The
tasks that are enabled are safe for running in the background without
disrupting foreground processes.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <code>register</code> subcommand will also set the <code>maintenance.strategy</code> config
value to <code>incremental</code>, if this value is not previously set. The
<code>incremental</code> strategy uses the following schedule for each maintenance
task:</p>
</div>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>gc</code>: disabled.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>commit-graph</code>: hourly.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>prefetch</code>: hourly.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>loose-objects</code>: daily.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>incremental-repack</code>: daily.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>register</code> will also disable foreground maintenance by
setting <code>maintenance.auto</code> <code>=</code> <code>false</code> in the current repository. This config
setting will remain after a <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>unregister</code> command.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">unregister</dt>
<dd>
<p>Remove the current repository from background maintenance. This
only removes the repository from the configured list. It does not
stop the background maintenance processes from running.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <code>unregister</code> subcommand will report an error if the current repository
is not already registered. Use the <code>--force</code> option to return success even
when the current repository is not registered.</p>
</div>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_tasks">TASKS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">commit-graph</dt>
<dd>
<p>The <code>commit-graph</code> job updates the <code>commit-graph</code> files incrementally,
then verifies that the written data is correct. The incremental
write is safe to run alongside concurrent Git processes since it
will not expire .<code>graph</code> files that were in the previous
<code>commit-graph-chain</code> file. They will be deleted by a later run based
on the expiration delay.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">prefetch</dt>
<dd>
<p>The <code>prefetch</code> task updates the object directory with the latest
objects from all registered remotes. For each remote, a <code>git</code> <code>fetch</code>
command is run. The configured refspec is modified to place all
requested refs within <code>refs/prefetch/</code>. Also, tags are not updated.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This is done to avoid disrupting the remote-tracking branches. The end users
expect these refs to stay unmoved unless they initiate a fetch.  However,
with the prefetch task, the objects necessary to complete a later real fetch
would already be obtained, making the real fetch faster.  In the ideal case,
it will just become an update to a bunch of remote-tracking branches without
any object transfer.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <code>remote.</code><em>&lt;name&gt;</em><code>.skipFetchAll</code> configuration can be used to
exclude a particular remote from getting prefetched.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">gc</dt>
<dd>
<p>Clean up unnecessary files and optimize the local repository. "GC"
stands for "garbage collection," but this task performs many
smaller tasks. This task can be expensive for large repositories,
as it repacks all Git objects into a single pack-file. It can also
be disruptive in some situations, as it deletes stale data. See
<a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a> for more details on garbage collection in Git.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">loose-objects</dt>
<dd>
<p>The <code>loose-objects</code> job cleans up loose objects and places them into
pack-files. In order to prevent race conditions with concurrent Git
commands, it follows a two-step process. First, it deletes any loose
objects that already exist in a pack-file; concurrent Git processes
will examine the pack-file for the object data instead of the loose
object. Second, it creates a new pack-file (starting with "loose-")
containing a batch of loose objects.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The batch size defaults to fifty thousand objects to prevent the job from
taking too long on a repository with many loose objects. Use the
<code>maintenance.loose-objects.batchSize</code> config option to adjust this size,
including a value of <code>0</code> to remove the limit.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <code>gc</code> task writes unreachable objects as loose objects to be cleaned up
by a later step only if they are not re-added to a pack-file; for this
reason it is not advisable to enable both the <code>loose-objects</code> and <code>gc</code>
tasks at the same time.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">incremental-repack</dt>
<dd>
<p>The <code>incremental-repack</code> job repacks the object directory
using the <code>multi-pack-index</code> feature. In order to prevent race
conditions with concurrent Git commands, it follows a two-step
process. First, it calls <code>git</code> <code>multi-pack-index</code> <code>expire</code> to delete
pack-files unreferenced by the <code>multi-pack-index</code> file. Second, it
calls <code>git</code> <code>multi-pack-index</code> <code>repack</code> to select several small
pack-files and repack them into a bigger one, and then update the
<code>multi-pack-index</code> entries that refer to the small pack-files to
refer to the new pack-file. This prepares those small pack-files
for deletion upon the next run of <code>git</code> <code>multi-pack-index</code> <code>expire</code>.
The selection of the small pack-files is such that the expected
size of the big pack-file is at least the batch size; see the
<code>--batch-size</code> option for the <code>repack</code> subcommand in
<a href="git-multi-pack-index.html">git-multi-pack-index(1)</a>. The default batch-size is zero,
which is a special case that attempts to repack all pack-files
into a single pack-file.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">pack-refs</dt>
<dd>
<p>The <code>pack-refs</code> task collects the loose reference files and
collects them into a single file. This speeds up operations that
need to iterate across many references. See <a href="git-pack-refs.html">git-pack-refs(1)</a>
for more information.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">reflog-expire</dt>
<dd>
<p>The <code>reflog-expire</code> task deletes any entries in the reflog older than the
expiry threshold. See <a href="git-reflog.html">git-reflog(1)</a> for more information.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">rerere-gc</dt>
<dd>
<p>The <code>rerere-gc</code> task invokes garbage collection for stale entries in
the rerere cache. See <a href="git-rerere.html">git-rerere(1)</a> for more information.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">worktree-prune</dt>
<dd>
<p>The <code>worktree-prune</code> task deletes stale or broken worktrees. See
<a href="git-worktree.html">git-worktree(1)</a> for more information.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">--auto</dt>
<dd>
<p>When combined with the <code>run</code> subcommand, run maintenance tasks
only if certain thresholds are met. For example, the <code>gc</code> task
runs when the number of loose objects exceeds the number stored
in the <code>gc.auto</code> config setting, or when the number of pack-files
exceeds the <code>gc.autoPackLimit</code> config setting. Not compatible with
the <code>--schedule</code> option.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--schedule</dt>
<dd>
<p>When combined with the <code>run</code> subcommand, run maintenance tasks
only if certain time conditions are met, as specified by the
<code>maintenance.</code><em>&lt;task&gt;</em><code>.schedule</code> config value for each <em>&lt;task&gt;</em>.
This config value specifies a number of seconds since the last
time that task ran, according to the <code>maintenance.</code><em>&lt;task&gt;</em><code>.lastRun</code>
config value. The tasks that are tested are those provided by
the <code>--task=</code><em>&lt;task&gt;</em> option(s) or those with
<code>maintenance.</code><em>&lt;task&gt;</em><code>.enabled</code> set to true.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--quiet</dt>
<dd>
<p>Do not report progress or other information over <code>stderr</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--task=&lt;task&gt;</dt>
<dd>
<p>If this option is specified one or more times, then only run the
specified tasks in the specified order. If no <code>--task=</code><em>&lt;task&gt;</em>
arguments are specified, then only the tasks with
<code>maintenance.</code><em>&lt;task&gt;</em><code>.enabled</code> configured as <code>true</code> are considered.
See the <em>TASKS</em> section for the list of accepted <em>&lt;task&gt;</em> values.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--scheduler=auto|crontab|systemd-timer|launchctl|schtasks</dt>
<dd>
<p>When combined with the <code>start</code> subcommand, specify the scheduler
for running the hourly, daily and weekly executions of
<code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code>.
Possible values for <em>&lt;scheduler&gt;</em> are <code>auto</code>, <code>crontab</code>
(POSIX), <code>systemd-timer</code> (Linux), <code>launchctl</code> (macOS), and
<code>schtasks</code> (Windows). When <code>auto</code> is specified, the
appropriate platform-specific scheduler is used; on Linux,
<code>systemd-timer</code> is used if available, otherwise
<code>crontab</code>. Default is <code>auto</code>.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_troubleshooting">TROUBLESHOOTING</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> command is designed to simplify the repository
maintenance patterns while minimizing user wait time during Git commands.
A variety of configuration options are available to allow customizing this
process. The default maintenance options focus on operations that complete
quickly, even on large repositories.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Users may find some cases where scheduled maintenance tasks do not run as
frequently as intended. Each <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> command takes a lock on
the repository&#8217;s object database, and this prevents other concurrent
<code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> commands from running on the same repository. Without
this safeguard, competing processes could leave the repository in an
unpredictable state.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The background maintenance schedule runs <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> processes
on an hourly basis. Each run executes the "hourly" tasks. At midnight,
that process also executes the "daily" tasks. At midnight on the first day
of the week, that process also executes the "weekly" tasks. A single
process iterates over each registered repository, performing the scheduled
tasks for that frequency. The processes are scheduled to a random minute of
the hour per client to spread out the load that multiple clients might
generate (e.g. from prefetching). Depending on the number of registered
repositories and their sizes, this process may take longer than an hour.
In this case, multiple <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> commands may run on the same
repository at the same time, colliding on the object database lock. This
results in one of the two tasks not running.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you find that some maintenance windows are taking longer than one hour
to complete, then consider reducing the complexity of your maintenance
tasks. For example, the <code>gc</code> task is much slower than the
<code>incremental-repack</code> task. However, this comes at a cost of a slightly
larger object database. Consider moving more expensive tasks to be run
less frequently.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Expert users may consider scheduling their own maintenance tasks using a
different schedule than is available through <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>start</code> and
Git configuration options. These users should be aware of the object
database lock and how concurrent <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> commands behave.
Further, the <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> command should not be combined with
<code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> commands. <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> modifies the object database
but does not take the lock in the same way as <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code>. If
possible, use <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> <code>--task=gc</code> instead of <code>git</code> <code>gc</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The following sections describe the mechanisms put in place to run
background maintenance by <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>start</code> and how to customize
them.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_background_maintenance_on_posix_systems">BACKGROUND MAINTENANCE ON POSIX SYSTEMS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The standard mechanism for scheduling background tasks on POSIX systems
is cron(8). This tool executes commands based on a given schedule. The
current list of user-scheduled tasks can be found by running <code>crontab</code> <code>-l</code>.
The schedule written by <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>start</code> is similar to this:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre># BEGIN GIT MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
# The following schedule was created by Git
# Any edits made in this region might be
# replaced in the future by a Git command.

0 1-23 * * * "/&lt;path&gt;/git" --exec-path="/&lt;path&gt;" for-each-repo --config=maintenance.repo maintenance run --schedule=hourly
0 0 * * 1-6 "/&lt;path&gt;/git" --exec-path="/&lt;path&gt;" for-each-repo --config=maintenance.repo maintenance run --schedule=daily
0 0 * * 0 "/&lt;path&gt;/git" --exec-path="/&lt;path&gt;" for-each-repo --config=maintenance.repo maintenance run --schedule=weekly

# END GIT MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The comments are used as a region to mark the schedule as written by Git.
Any modifications within this region will be completely deleted by
<code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>stop</code> or overwritten by <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>start</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <code>crontab</code> entry specifies the full path of the <code>git</code> executable to
ensure that the executed <code>git</code> command is the same one with which
<code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>start</code> was issued independent of <code>PATH</code>. If the same user
runs <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>start</code> with multiple Git executables, then only the
latest executable is used.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>These commands use <code>git</code> <code>for-each-repo</code> <code>--config=maintenance.repo</code> to run
<code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> <code>--schedule=</code><em>&lt;frequency&gt;</em> on each repository listed in
the multi-valued <code>maintenance.repo</code> config option. These are typically
loaded from the user-specific global config. The <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> process
then determines which maintenance tasks are configured to run on each
repository with each <em>&lt;frequency&gt;</em> using the <code>maintenance.</code><em>&lt;task&gt;</em><code>.schedule</code>
config options. These values are loaded from the global or repository
config values.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If the config values are insufficient to achieve your desired background
maintenance schedule, then you can create your own schedule. If you run
<code>crontab</code> <code>-e</code>, then an editor will load with your user-specific <code>cron</code>
schedule. In that editor, you can add your own schedule lines. You could
start by adapting the default schedule listed earlier, or you could read
the crontab(5) documentation for advanced scheduling techniques. Please
do use the full path and <code>--exec-path</code> techniques from the default
schedule to ensure you are executing the correct binaries in your
schedule.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_background_maintenance_on_linux_systemd_systems">BACKGROUND MAINTENANCE ON LINUX SYSTEMD SYSTEMS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>While Linux supports <code>cron</code>, depending on the distribution, <code>cron</code> may
be an optional package not necessarily installed. On modern Linux
distributions, systemd timers are superseding it.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If user systemd timers are available, they will be used as a replacement
of <code>cron</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In this case, <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>start</code> will create user systemd timer units
and start the timers. The current list of user-scheduled tasks can be found
by running <code>systemctl</code> <code>--user</code> <code>list-timers</code>. The timers written by <code>git</code>
<code>maintenance</code> <code>start</code> are similar to this:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>$ systemctl --user list-timers
NEXT                         LEFT          LAST                         PASSED     UNIT                         ACTIVATES
Thu 2021-04-29 19:00:00 CEST 42min left    Thu 2021-04-29 18:00:11 CEST 17min ago  git-maintenance@hourly.timer git-maintenance@hourly.service
Fri 2021-04-30 00:00:00 CEST 5h 42min left Thu 2021-04-29 00:00:11 CEST 18h ago    git-maintenance@daily.timer  git-maintenance@daily.service
Mon 2021-05-03 00:00:00 CEST 3 days left   Mon 2021-04-26 00:00:11 CEST 3 days ago git-maintenance@weekly.timer git-maintenance@weekly.service</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>One timer is registered for each <code>--schedule=</code><em>&lt;frequency&gt;</em> option.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The definition of the systemd units can be inspected in the following files:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>~/.config/systemd/user/git-maintenance@.timer
~/.config/systemd/user/git-maintenance@.service
~/.config/systemd/user/timers.target.wants/git-maintenance@hourly.timer
~/.config/systemd/user/timers.target.wants/git-maintenance@daily.timer
~/.config/systemd/user/timers.target.wants/git-maintenance@weekly.timer</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>start</code> will overwrite these files and start the timer
again with <code>systemctl</code> <code>--user</code>, so any customization should be done by
creating a drop-in file, i.e. a .<code>conf</code> suffixed file in the
<code>~/.config/systemd/user/git-maintenance@.service.d</code> directory.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>stop</code> will stop the user systemd timers and delete
the above mentioned files.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For more details, see <code>systemd.timer</code>(<code>5</code>).</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_background_maintenance_on_macos_systems">BACKGROUND MAINTENANCE ON MACOS SYSTEMS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>While macOS technically supports <code>cron</code>, using <code>crontab</code> <code>-e</code> requires
elevated privileges and the executed process does not have a full user
context. Without a full user context, Git and its credential helpers
cannot access stored credentials, so some maintenance tasks are not
functional.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Instead, <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>start</code> interacts with the <code>launchctl</code> tool,
which is the recommended way to schedule timed jobs in macOS. Scheduling
maintenance through <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> (<code>start</code>|<code>stop</code>) requires some
<code>launchctl</code> features available only in macOS 10.11 or later.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Your user-specific scheduled tasks are stored as XML-formatted .<code>plist</code>
files in <code>~/Library/LaunchAgents/</code>. You can see the currently-registered
tasks using the following command:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>$ ls ~/Library/LaunchAgents/org.git-scm.git*
org.git-scm.git.daily.plist
org.git-scm.git.hourly.plist
org.git-scm.git.weekly.plist</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>One task is registered for each <code>--schedule=</code><em>&lt;frequency&gt;</em> option. To
inspect how the XML format describes each schedule, open one of these
.<code>plist</code> files in an editor and inspect the <em>&lt;array&gt;</em> element following
the <em>&lt;key&gt;</em><code>StartCalendarInterval</code>&lt;/key&gt; element.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>start</code> will overwrite these files and register the
tasks again with <code>launchctl</code>, so any customizations should be done by
creating your own .<code>plist</code> files with distinct names. Similarly, the
<code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>stop</code> command will unregister the tasks with <code>launchctl</code>
and delete the .<code>plist</code> files.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To create more advanced customizations to your background tasks, see
launchctl.plist(5) for more information.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_background_maintenance_on_windows_systems">BACKGROUND MAINTENANCE ON WINDOWS SYSTEMS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Windows does not support <code>cron</code> and instead has its own system for
scheduling background tasks. The <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>start</code> command uses
the <code>schtasks</code> command to submit tasks to this system. You can inspect
all background tasks using the Task Scheduler application. The tasks
added by Git have names of the form <code>Git</code> <code>Maintenance</code> (<em>&lt;frequency&gt;</em>).
The Task Scheduler GUI has ways to inspect these tasks, but you can also
export the tasks to XML files and view the details there.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Note that since Git is a console application, these background tasks
create a console window visible to the current user. This can be changed
manually by selecting the "Run whether user is logged in or not" option
in Task Scheduler. This change requires a password input, which is why
<code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>start</code> does not select it by default.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you want to customize the background tasks, please rename the tasks
so future calls to <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> (<code>start</code>|<code>stop</code>) do not overwrite your
custom tasks.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Everything below this line in this section is selectively included
from the <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> documentation. The content is the same
as what&#8217;s found there:</p>
</div>
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">maintenance.auto</dt>
<dd>
<p>This boolean config option controls whether some commands run
<code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> <code>--auto</code> after doing their normal work. Defaults
to true.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">maintenance.autoDetach</dt>
<dd>
<p>Many Git commands trigger automatic maintenance after they have
written data into the repository. This boolean config option
controls whether this automatic maintenance shall happen in the
foreground or whether the maintenance process shall detach and
continue to run in the background.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If unset, the value of <code>gc.autoDetach</code> is used as a fallback. Defaults
to true if both are unset, meaning that the maintenance process will
detach.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">maintenance.strategy</dt>
<dd>
<p>This string config option provides a way to specify one of a few
recommended schedules for background maintenance. This only affects
which tasks are run during <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> <code>--schedule=X</code>
commands, provided no <code>--task=</code><em>&lt;task&gt;</em> arguments are provided.
Further, if a <code>maintenance.</code><em>&lt;task&gt;</em><code>.schedule</code> config value is set,
then that value is used instead of the one provided by
<code>maintenance.strategy</code>. The possible strategy strings are:</p>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>none</code>: This default setting implies no tasks are run at any schedule.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>incremental</code>: This setting optimizes for performing small maintenance
activities that do not delete any data. This does not schedule the <code>gc</code>
task, but runs the <code>prefetch</code> and <code>commit-graph</code> tasks hourly, the
<code>loose-objects</code> and <code>incremental-repack</code> tasks daily, and the <code>pack-refs</code>
task weekly.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">maintenance.&lt;task&gt;.enabled</dt>
<dd>
<p>This boolean config option controls whether the maintenance task
with name <em>&lt;task&gt;</em> is run when no <code>--task</code> option is specified to
<code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code>. These config values are ignored if a
<code>--task</code> option exists. By default, only <code>maintenance.gc.enabled</code>
is true.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">maintenance.&lt;task&gt;.schedule</dt>
<dd>
<p>This config option controls whether or not the given <em>&lt;task&gt;</em> runs
during a <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> <code>--schedule=</code><em>&lt;frequency&gt;</em> command. The
value must be one of "hourly", "daily", or "weekly".</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">maintenance.commit-graph.auto</dt>
<dd>
<p>This integer config option controls how often the <code>commit-graph</code> task
should be run as part of <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> <code>--auto</code>. If zero, then
the <code>commit-graph</code> task will not run with the <code>--auto</code> option. A
negative value will force the task to run every time. Otherwise, a
positive value implies the command should run when the number of
reachable commits that are not in the commit-graph file is at least
the value of <code>maintenance.commit-graph.auto</code>. The default value is
100.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">maintenance.loose-objects.auto</dt>
<dd>
<p>This integer config option controls how often the <code>loose-objects</code> task
should be run as part of <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> <code>--auto</code>. If zero, then
the <code>loose-objects</code> task will not run with the <code>--auto</code> option. A
negative value will force the task to run every time. Otherwise, a
positive value implies the command should run when the number of
loose objects is at least the value of <code>maintenance.loose-objects.auto</code>.
The default value is 100.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">maintenance.loose-objects.batchSize</dt>
<dd>
<p>This integer config option controls the maximum number of loose objects
written into a packfile during the <code>loose-objects</code> task. The default is
fifty thousand. Use value <code>0</code> to indicate no limit.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">maintenance.incremental-repack.auto</dt>
<dd>
<p>This integer config option controls how often the <code>incremental-repack</code>
task should be run as part of <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> <code>--auto</code>. If zero,
then the <code>incremental-repack</code> task will not run with the <code>--auto</code>
option. A negative value will force the task to run every time.
Otherwise, a positive value implies the command should run when the
number of pack-files not in the multi-pack-index is at least the value
of <code>maintenance.incremental-repack.auto</code>. The default value is 10.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">maintenance.reflog-expire.auto</dt>
<dd>
<p>This integer config option controls how often the <code>reflog-expire</code> task
should be run as part of <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> <code>--auto</code>. If zero, then
the <code>reflog-expire</code> task will not run with the <code>--auto</code> option. A
negative value will force the task to run every time. Otherwise, a
positive value implies the command should run when the number of
expired reflog entries in the "HEAD" reflog is at least the value of
<code>maintenance.loose-objects.auto</code>. The default value is 100.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">maintenance.rerere-gc.auto</dt>
<dd>
<p>This integer config option controls how often the <code>rerere-gc</code> task
should be run as part of <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> <code>--auto</code>. If zero, then
the <code>rerere-gc</code> task will not run with the <code>--auto</code> option. A negative
value will force the task to run every time. Otherwise, any positive
value implies the command will run when the "rr-cache" directory exists
and has at least one entry, regardless of whether it is stale or not.
This heuristic may be refined in the future. The default value is 1.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">maintenance.worktree-prune.auto</dt>
<dd>
<p>This integer config option controls how often the <code>worktree-prune</code> task
should be run as part of <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> <code>--auto</code>. If zero, then
the <code>worktree-prune</code> task will not run with the <code>--auto</code> option. A
negative value will force the task to run every time. Otherwise, a
positive value implies the command should run when the number of
prunable worktrees exceeds the value. The default value is 1.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated 2025-06-20 18:10:42 -0700
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>