[Sema] Fix lifetime extension for temporaries in range-based for loops in C++23 (#145164)

C++23 mandates that temporaries used in range-based for loops are
lifetime-extended
to cover the full loop. This patch adds a check for loop variables and
compiler-
generated `__range` bindings to apply the correct extension.

Includes test cases based on examples from CWG900/P2644R1.

Fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/109793

BUG=b:479784318
TEST=None

patch.cherry: true
patch.metadata.author: Marco Vitale <53484928+mrcvtl@users.noreply.github.com>
patch.metadata.original_sha: c86c815fc57c098ba14576fe2bb189da1dfc820d
patch.platforms: chromiumos
patch.version_range.from: 574158
patch.version_range.until: 582087

Cq-Depend: chromium:7329500
Change-Id: I35d627b1d3824e0b9fd14845664a293eb8f6225f
7 files changed
tree: 85e2ab70e1a4fc6933fc1ebd9b3f34e583e8dbb8
  1. .ci/
  2. .github/
  3. bolt/
  4. clang/
  5. clang-tools-extra/
  6. cmake/
  7. compiler-rt/
  8. cros/
  9. cross-project-tests/
  10. flang/
  11. flang-rt/
  12. libc/
  13. libclc/
  14. libcxx/
  15. libcxxabi/
  16. libunwind/
  17. lld/
  18. lldb/
  19. llvm/
  20. llvm-libgcc/
  21. mlir/
  22. offload/
  23. openmp/
  24. polly/
  25. pstl/
  26. runtimes/
  27. third-party/
  28. utils/
  29. .clang-format
  30. .clang-format-ignore
  31. .clang-tidy
  32. .git-blame-ignore-revs
  33. .gitattributes
  34. .gitignore
  35. .mailmap
  36. CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
  37. CONTRIBUTING.md
  38. LICENSE.TXT
  39. OWNERS
  40. OWNERS.toolchain
  41. PRESUBMIT.cfg
  42. pyproject.toml
  43. README.md
  44. SECURITY.md
README.md

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